Secret Power develops and uses measures to study perceptions of criminal governance and responses to criminal groups. The pages below provide the instruments, language versions and references.
Legitimacy of Secret Power (LSP) Scale
A measure of individuals’ appraisals of criminal governance. The page provides the 20-item scale, identifies the 10-item short version, and presents English, Italian and Japanese versions alongside the development paper.
Justification of Connivance Practices
An eight-scenario measure of the justification of connivance with organised crime, developed in Sicily. The page includes English and Italian versions and adaptations for Palermo and Catania.
Consult the linked publications for development and validation evidence, and preserve the wording and response scales when using the published versions.
See also Instruments and Foundations, publications and open research resources.